PCD stands for Pitch Circle Diameter. It is the diameter of the imaginary circle that passes through the centre of each bolt hole. Common PCDs include 4x100 (many small cars), 5x112 (VAG/Mercedes), and 5x120 (BMW).

How do I measure bolt pattern on a 5-bolt wheel?

For a 5-bolt pattern, you cannot measure directly across because no two bolts are directly opposite. Measure the distance between the centres of two adjacent bolt holes and use this calculator to determine the PCD.

Can I use wheel adapters to change PCD?

Hub-centric wheel adapters exist but are controversial. They add un-sprung weight and create an additional failure point. Many MOT testers will fail a car with bolt pattern adapters. It is safer to use wheels with the correct PCD.

What are the most common bolt patterns in the UK?

4x100 is common on smaller cars (Honda, Toyota, VW Polo). 5x112 is used by VAG group (VW, Audi, Skoda, Seat) and Mercedes. 5x120 is standard for BMW and some Land Rovers. 5x114.3 is used by Ford, Nissan, Honda, and many Japanese manufacturers. Always verify before purchasing wheels.

Can I drill out my hubs to change the bolt pattern?

Re-drilling hubs is possible but not recommended for road use. It weakens the hub, requires precise engineering, and may not pass an MOT. The safest option is always to buy wheels manufactured for your bolt pattern. Aftermarket wheels are available in virtually every PCD.

CarCalcs

Bolt Pattern Calculator

Calculate your wheel bolt pattern PCD from measurements between studs.

Number of Bolts

Bolt Measurement

Measure between the centres of two adjacent bolt holes

How We Calculate This

For even bolt counts (4, 6), the PCD equals the measurement across opposite bolts. For odd counts (3, 5), trigonometry converts the adjacent-bolt measurement to the PCD.

Formulas

4/6 bolt PCD = Distance between opposite bolts
5 bolt PCD = Adjacent bolt distance / (2 x sin(36deg))
3 bolt PCD = Adjacent bolt distance / sin(60deg)

Frequently Asked Questions

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Last updated: February 2026

All calculations are estimates. Actual figures may vary based on driving conditions, vehicle specifications, and other factors.